Persistent symptoms after concussion
Persistent symptoms after concussion
Most people recover within a few weeks after a concussion. For some, symptoms continue for longer. These are often described as persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) or post-concussion syndrome (PCS). Symptoms are real, vary considerably from person to person and may affect work, study, sport and everyday life.
Common symptoms include headache, dizziness, fatigue, sensitivity to light or noise, difficulty concentrating, sleep problems, neck pain, balance problems and reduced tolerance for physical activity.
When can physiotherapy help?
With persistent symptoms, we look beyond the area where pain is felt. We assess which physical factors may be contributing and which activities trigger or maintain symptoms. Depending on your presentation, the assessment may include:
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balance and walking;
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eye, head and neck movements;
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tolerance for physical exertion;
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neck function and headache patterns;
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breathing, recovery periods and the gradual return to daily activities.
Treatment is guided by the findings. It may include education and practical advice, a gradual return to activity, submaximal aerobic exercise, balance and gaze-stability exercises, and treatment of neck-related factors when these are shown to be relevant. When other care is needed, we can coordinate with your GP, neurologist, rehabilitation physician, occupational therapist or psychologist where appropriate.
An individual approach
Persistent symptoms after concussion do not have the same cause in every person. We therefore do not apply a single standard protocol. Treatment is based on the symptom profile identified during the assessment. The aim is to rebuild confidence, capacity and control step by step, without ignoring symptoms or avoiding activity unnecessarily.
Our specialist
Robert Kuizenga is a physiotherapist and MSc manual therapist with additional training in post-concussion rehabilitation, cervico-ocular dysfunction, balance, visual training and head and neck conditions.
When should you seek medical care first?
If you recently sustained a blow to the head and have not yet been medically assessed, contact your GP first. Seek urgent medical care for a worsening or severe headache, repeated vomiting, unusual drowsiness or difficulty waking, confusion, a seizure, double vision, weakness or numbness, problems speaking or walking, or clear fluid or blood from the nose or ears. Call the emergency services in an emergency.
Sources and further information